低蛋白配方和粗麥麩替代氧化鋅在保育豬日糧中的應用

發(fā)布單位:天津瑞孚農牧科技集團有限公司

查看次數：7342

時間：2021-06-04
       開展兩個試驗研究不同蛋白水平日糧中添加粗麥麩在有無高劑量氧化鋅情況下對保育豬生長性能和糞便干物質的影響。

       試驗一，選用360頭去勢公豬（品系200×400，DNA, Columbus, NE, 初重5.6kg），隨機分至6個日糧處理，每個處理12圈，每圈5頭，試驗期為斷奶后第0-21天。試驗處理包括：1、正對照（21%粗蛋白，前期3kg/t氧化鋅，后期2kg/t氧化鋅）；2、負對照（21%粗蛋白，110ppm鋅）；3-6號日糧粗蛋白分別為21%、19.5%、18%、16.5%，日糧中添加4%粗麥麩和110ppm鋅。1-3號日糧SID賴氨酸含量為1.40%（前期）、1.35%（后期）；4-6號日糧分別含SID賴氨酸1.33%、1.25%、1.20%。與負對照組和21%蛋白日糧相比，正對照組日增重和肉料比顯著提高（P＜0.05）。日糧粗蛋白（賴氨酸）的減少顯著降低日增重和肉料比（線性，P=0.002），但是糞便干物質顯著提高（線性，P=0.005）。

       試驗二，選用300、350頭豬各一批，初重分別為7.0kg和6.2kg，每個處理26圈，每圈5頭。試驗目的在于研究低蛋白日糧中添加合成氨基酸是否可以改善生長性能。試驗期共13天，所有日糧添加4%粗麥麩。試驗處理包括：1、正對照組，21%粗蛋白，1.35%SID賴氨酸，2kg/t氧化鋅；2、21%粗蛋白，無氧化鋅；3、無氧化鋅，18%粗蛋白，1.2%SID賴氨酸；4、無氧化鋅，18%粗蛋白，1.35%SID賴氨酸；5、在日糧4基礎上添加非必需氨基酸（甘氨酸和谷氨酸）。與18%粗蛋白（1.35%）日糧組和低SID賴氨酸（1.2%）日糧組相比，21%蛋白+氧化鋅組日增重顯著提高（P=0.001）。與1.2%SID賴氨酸組和低蛋白高賴氨酸組相比，21%粗蛋白組和額外添加非必需氨基酸組豬只的肉料比顯著改善（P＜0.001）。低SID賴氨酸組豬只糞便中干物質含量顯著提高。

      總之，高劑量氧化鋅顯著改善仔豬生長性能，降低日糧蛋白（以及SID賴氨酸）降低保育豬生長性能。


Effects of feeding diets containing low crude protein and coarse wheat bran as alternatives to zinc oxide in nursery pig diets
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of crude protein (CP) level in diets containing coarse wheat bran (CWB) with or without pharmacological levels of Zn (provided by zinc oxide: ZnO) on growth performance and fecal DM of nursery pigs. In experiment 1, 360 barrows (Line 200 × 400, DNA, Columbus, NE, initially 5.6 kg) were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments from d 0 to 21 after weaning with 5 pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. Treatments included a positive control diet (21% CP) with 3,000 mg/kg Zn in phase 1 and 2,000 mg/kg in phase 2; negative control (21% CP) with 110 mg/kg added Zn, and 4 diets containing 4% CWB and 110 mg/kg added Zn formulated to contain 21%, 19.5%, 18%, or 16.5% CP. The 2 control diets and 21% CP CWB diet contained 1.40% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys in phase 1 and 1.35% SID Lys in phase 2, while the 19.5%, 18%, and 16.5% CP diets contained 1.33, 1.25 and 1.20% Lys, respectively, in both phases. Pigs fed the positive control diet containing pharmacological ZnO had increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with the negative control and the 21% CP CWB diet. Reducing CP (concurrently with SID Lys) in diets containing CWB decreased ADG and G:F (linear, P = 0.002); however, fecal DM increased (linear, P = 0.005). In experiment 2, two groups of 300 and 350 pigs, initially 7.0 and 6.2 kg, respectively, were used with 5 pigs per pen and 26 pens per treatment. The objective was to determine if adding back essential AA would improve growth performance of pigs fed the low CP diets. All dietary treatments were fed for 13 days, contained 4% CWB, and consisted of: (1) positive control with 2,000 mg/kg of Zn and 21% CP (1.35% SID Lys); (2) no ZnO and 21% CP; and 3 diets with no ZnO formulated to 18% CP and (3) 1.2% SID Lys; (4) 1.35% SID Lys by the addition of feed grade amino acids (AA), and (5) diet 4 with non-essential amino acids (NEAA; Gly and Glu). Pigs fed 21% CP with ZnO had increased (P = 0.001) ADG compared to those fed 18% CP (1.35% SID Lys) with high levels of feed grade amino acids or those fed the reduced SID Lys (1.2%) diet. Overall, G:F was improved (P < 0.001) for pigs fed 21% CP diets and those fed the 18% CP diet with NEAA compared to pigs fed 1.2% SID Lys and pigs fed high levels of feed grade amino acids. Fecal DM was increased for pigs fed the reduced SID Lys diet. In summary, pharmacological levels of Zn improve pig growth performance, but reducing CP (and subsequently SID Lys) decreased nursery pig growth performance.

文章來源：豬營養(yǎng)國際論壇
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